Zoonotic diseases, infections that jump from animals to humans, have long been a public health concern.
Though many of these illnesses are rare, their impact can be severe, especially when left undiagnosed or untreated.
Among them is tularemia, often called “rabbit fever,” a disease known for its dangerous potential despite its rarity.
This bacterial infection can be fatal if not treated promptly, and its unique methods of transmission make it a challenge to control.
In recent years, tularemia has seen a significant increase in cases across the United States.
Between 2011 and 2022, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) reported 2,462 cases of the disease, marking a 56% rise compared to the previous decade, according to Ziare.
The illness is caused by Francisella tularensis, a bacterium that can infect humans through tick or fly bites, handling infected animals, consuming contaminated food or water, or even inhaling airborne bacteria.
While tularemia’s nickname, “rabbit fever,” stems from its common association with wild rabbits, its spread is not limited to wildlife encounters.
An unusual transmission method involves mowing lawns or trimming vegetation over areas where infected animals nest. This can release bacteria into the air, putting unsuspecting gardeners and landscapers at risk.
Symptoms of tularemia vary depending on how the bacteria enter the body. Common signs include fever, fatigue, swollen lymph nodes, and muscle aches.
Severe cases may lead to respiratory distress, gastrointestinal symptoms, or skin ulcers. Without timely antibiotic treatment, the disease can be deadly.
Certain groups face higher risks. Indigenous populations are disproportionately affected, along with children and older adults living in central U.S. states.
Activities like hunting or working in rural areas often increase exposure.
Health experts urge preventive measures, such as using insect repellent, avoiding contact with wildlife, and taking precautions during outdoor activities.
Raising awareness about tularemia’s risks and symptoms is critical for reducing its spread.
