Asger Risom
Understanding the warning signs, symptoms, and treatments of migraine aura
Others are reading now
Migraine is more than just a painful headache. For many, it comes with a set of neurological symptoms known as an aura—a sensory experience that can precede or accompany head pain.
These auras often serve as early warning signs and can significantly disrupt daily activities even before the migraine fully takes hold.
According to Healthline, the American Migraine Foundation estimates that between 25% and 30% of people with migraine experience aura.
What Does a Migraine Aura Feel Like?
Visual disturbances are the most commonly reported aura symptoms. These may include flashes of light, zigzag lines, shimmering spots, or partial vision loss. In some cases, individuals see geometric shapes or experience blind spots known as scotomas.
Also read
Sensory changes can also occur. These include tingling or “pins and needles” sensations, typically starting in the arms and moving toward the face, lips, or tongue.
Though less frequent, speech and language issues may also arise. These may manifest as slurred speech, difficulty finding the right words, or even temporary inability to speak clearly.
It’s important to distinguish aura from a migraine prodrome, which is the phase before the aura that may include fatigue, mood changes, food cravings, or neck stiffness. Aura is a specific neurological phase, while prodrome signals an approaching migraine more broadly.
Can Aura Occur Without Headache?
Yes. Known as a silent migraine, aura without headache is a documented phenomenon. Though it lacks the typical head pain, it can still be disruptive due to the neurological symptoms.
Silent migraines can mimic other conditions like seizures or transient ischemic attacks (TIAs), making diagnosis essential.
What Triggers a Migraine Aura?
While the exact mechanism remains unclear, a migraine aura is thought to result from a wave of electrical activity across the brain, followed by temporary suppression of nerve function.
Common triggers include stress, lack of sleep, missed meals, certain foods (like aged cheese or chocolate), alcohol, hormonal changes, strong lights, and weather fluctuations.
Managing and Treating Migraine with Aura
Treatment often involves a combination of lifestyle changes and medication. When aura symptoms begin, resting in a dark, quiet space and applying a cold compress may help.
Medications for symptom relief—such as triptans, NSAIDs, or anti-nausea drugs—should be taken as soon as symptoms appear. For frequent migraine attacks, preventive medications like beta-blockers, antidepressants, or anti-seizure drugs may be prescribed.
Some find alternative therapies like acupressure, biofeedback, or ginger supplements helpful. It’s always advisable to consult with a healthcare provider to determine the best course of treatment.
Diagnosis and When to Seek Help
Migraine with aura is typically diagnosed clinically, based on medical history and symptom patterns. The International Classification of Headache Disorders outlines criteria that help physicians differentiate between migraine with aura and more serious conditions.
However, neuroimaging tests like MRI or CT scans may be warranted if symptoms are new, unusually severe, or accompanied by red flags such as one-sided weakness, confusion, or vision loss. These signs could indicate stroke or another medical emergency.
If you experience migraine with aura, understanding your symptoms and triggers is key to managing the condition. But if it’s your first time experiencing aura or symptoms suddenly change, seek immediate medical attention.
