Good dental hygiene is essential for maintaining oral health. Most people know that sugary foods can lead to cavities.
However, a recent study reveals that starch, not just sugar, can also increase the risk of cavities.
Researchers found that the number of copies of a specific gene, called the AMY1 gene, affects how bacteria in the mouth react to starch, according to DigiWorld.
This gene plays a role in the production of amylase, an enzyme that helps break down starch in the mouth.
Angela Poole, the study’s lead author, explained that people with more copies of the AMY1 gene should be just as careful with their dental hygiene after eating starchy foods as they would after eating sugar.
The AMY1 gene is connected to how the body processes starch. Previous studies showed a link between this gene and an increased risk of cavities and gum disease.
However, the exact mechanism was not fully understood until now.
To better understand this, researchers tested saliva samples from 31 adults with varying numbers of AMY1 gene copies.
They added starch to the samples and observed how the bacterial composition changed.
They found that in people with more copies of the gene, starch reduced two types of bacteria, Atopobium and Veillonella, while increasing Streptococcus, a bacteria linked to cavities and gum disease.
Poole said the interaction between starch and bacteria is complex. Some bacteria increased, some decreased, and the overall effect was not entirely good or bad.
Still, the number of AMY1 gene copies, along with the types of bacteria present, influences the risk of developing dental problems.
This doesn’t mean starchy foods should be avoided. They provide essential nutrients and are part of a balanced diet.
People with more AMY1 gene copies process starch more easily. This gene likely evolved in populations with greater access to starchy foods.
However, Poole warned that people with more copies of the gene may experience more bacterial growth that feeds on sugars in their mouths.
The study suggests that personalized dental care could be the future, with dentists using genetic profiles to help prevent cavities and maintain oral health.
