In a groundbreaking achievement, researchers at the University of Texas Health Science Center in San Antonio have successfully developed mice with human immune systems, marking a significant leap forward in biomedical research.
Attempted Since 1980s
According to Tech these genetically engineered mice, known as "TruHuX" (Truly Human), are equipped with human immune systems and gut microbiomes, presenting new opportunities for drug testing and studies on human-related diseases.
For decades, mice have served as essential models in biomedical research due to their ease of breeding and many physiological similarities to humans, including aspects of the immune system. However, differences in immune-related genes between mice and humans have posed challenges for accurate research outcomes.
Since the 1980s, scientists have been attempting to modify mice to mimic human immune systems, initially for studying the AIDS virus. Previous efforts involved introducing human immune and stem cells into mice, yet achieving a fully functional human immune system in mice remained elusive, often resulting in genetically modified mice with shortened lifespans.
Groundbreaking Experiments
The latest breakthrough involved using human stem cells derived from umbilical cord blood and employing a potent form of estrogen hormone therapy to support stem cell survival and the production of lymphocytes and antibodies crucial to human immunity.
Named TruHuX, these mice possess fully operational human immune systems, including lymph nodes, thymus, various types of lymphocytes, and other immune cells. Moreover, the antibodies produced in these mice are identical to those found in humans.
The development of TruHuX mice opens avenues for groundbreaking experiments in understanding various human diseases, immunotherapies (including cancer treatments), and vaccine development. It may also reduce the need for primate testing in medical research.
"By harnessing estrogen's role in supporting the differentiation of human stem cells, human immune cells, and antibody production, TruHuX mice provide a robust platform for studying human immune responses, developing human vaccines, and testing new therapies," said Professor Paolo Casali, lead author of the research.
