In a rock cave in Spain, archaeologists have uncovered a fascinating collection of fossils believed to belong to Neanderthal children. This discovery sheds new light on the lives of our ancient relatives.
The fossils appear to have been gathered for enjoyment, much like children today might collect stamps, coins, or trading cards. According to a recent study, this habit reveals that Neanderthals may have been more capable of abstract thinking than previously assumed.
15 Ancient Fossils From the Sea
The collection, discovered in the Prado Vargas Cave, includes 15 sea fossils dating back 39,800 to 54,600 years. Importantly, no evidence of Homo sapiens was found at the site — only traces of Neanderthals.
The fossils seem to have had no practical purpose beyond their visual appeal. Researchers propose that, like us, Neanderthals may have found joy in seeking out and keeping attractive objects.
Gathering items into a collection is more than just an activity—it requires imagination and a sense of symbolism. For an assembly of objects to become a collection, each item must hold meaning for the collector.
Without this, it’s just a random pile of things.
Most known Neanderthal collections are limited to a few items, but this larger group of 15 fossils suggests a greater level of abstraction. The researchers argue that this indicates the collectors—possibly children—had the capacity for advanced thought.
A Child’s Passion for Collecting
Interestingly, the researchers believe this collection was likely the work of Neanderthal children. The fossils’ placement suggests they were deliberately tucked away, perhaps as part of a personal collection.
Previous excavations in the same cave have uncovered remains of Neanderthal children, further supporting this theory.
If true, it means Neanderthals might have been the first “collectors” among early human species—eager to gather and cherish beautiful things just as we do today.
