The search for alternative fuels has driven innovation in the automotive industry for decades.
While hydrogen and electric power dominate discussions, another contender is emerging—one that could offer the efficiency of combustion engines without the carbon footprint.
As reported by El Economista, the Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials (KIMM), in collaboration with Hyundai-Kia, has unveiled a new internal combustion engine that runs on ammonia and emits no CO₂.
This two-liter engine features high-pressure direct ammonia injection, a major innovation that improves efficiency and stability compared to previous low-pressure designs.
A Potential Game-Changer for Clean Combustion
While ammonia as a fuel is not new—its use has been explored in the maritime industry—this latest development brings it closer to everyday vehicle applications.
Unlike traditional fuels, ammonia contains no carbon, meaning its combustion does not produce CO₂.
However, burning ammonia can still generate nitrogen oxides (NOx) and release unburned ammonia, both of which require advanced emission control systems.
Researchers at KIMM have focused on refining fuel injection timing, valve operations, and exhaust treatment to minimize these effects.
Challenges and Future Prospects
Hyundai has already tested ammonia-powered dual-fuel marine engines, but applying this technology to smaller automotive engines presents unique challenges. Ammonia is easier to store and transport than hydrogen, as it remains liquid at ambient temperatures, but it is also toxic and corrosive, requiring strict handling protocols.
Despite these hurdles, ammonia-powered engines could offer a cleaner alternative to fossil fuels while preserving the performance and refueling convenience of traditional combustion engines.
With companies like Hyundai-Kia leading the charge, this technology could play a key role in the transition to sustainable mobility.
